Project Management
The evolution of this project in general consists of the initial stages (before investment and investment) and the stages of implementation, control and termination. These steps are in accordance with the ISO 10006 standard. The standard is designed on the basis of the Project Management Body of Knowledge, which is briefly abbreviated as PMBOK.Pre-investment reviews
Determining the main goal and how to achieve it, is the most important issue at this stage, which includes topics such as targeting based on production priorities based on the domestic needs of the country (prioritization), sufficient experience and knowledge about the manufacturing of the product or target products, studying and recognizing the market of target products, determining, providing and allocating sufficient financial resources, determining the nominal capacity of production based on economic analysis, shaping the initial core of the work, registering the company and providing sufficient facilities, pre-feasibility study, preliminary design, and then project design or feasibility study, determining the location of the project and preparing it, increasing the credit worthiness of the company, studying and continuously reviewing the changes in the rules in the different sectors, as well as making changes to the process of execution, if necessary, such as changing the product design, adding a new product, shifting a section, changing the production method, and so on. This stage is of particular importance and special attention must be paid to it. The effects of this stage continue until the product is produced and sold, and the main character of the company is formed at this stage.
Investment stage
It involves the construction of factories and the installation of machinery and equipment, in this case the investment can be widely divided as follows:
1Engineering design process
2Acquiring licenses and necessary administrative procedures
3Conducting negotiations and concluding contracts
4Creation, construction and deployment of facilities
5Attracting human resources and introductory training
6Trial operation
Each of the six cases above is explained below.
Engineering design process
Includes the development of a timetable for the implementation of the project, the location of the project, the preparation of drafts and the design of the factory, the specialized design of the factory and the final choice of technology and equipment. For selecting and calculating machines, the following should be taken into consideration as type of machines, general purpose or multipurpose of machines, investment amounts, repairs and maintenance costs, accessories, and so on. The production units are divided into four groups based on the number of machines and the variety of production, which include one machine one product, several machines one product, multi-products one machine and multi-products multi-machines.
Acquiring licenses and necessary administrative procedures
Getting the original agreement from the Ministry of Industry, licenses and carry out the relevant administrative procedures until the receipt of operation license under the supervision of the environmental organization.
Negotiation and Contracts
Legal commitments related to project financing, technology acquisition, plant building, facilities, and the provision of machinery and equipment for the operational phase. Such legal obligations include: the conclusion of contracts between the investor on the one hand and financial institutions, consultants, engineers, suppliers, partners and etc. on the other hand. Negotiations and contracts are made at all stages of the investment, with the exception of the "complete delivery" projects, which are easy to implement for a project, with less difficulties, but more expensive costs.
Establishment, construction and deployment of facilities
It involves the preparation of the factory site, build of buildings and other construction works, along with the installation of facilities and equipment according to the schedules and time tables.
The recruitment and training of human resources and personnel
It is necessary to start at the same time as the establishment stage of the facility, as it is associated with the growth of the ability and efficiency of the plant operation, and it is also time consuming.
Trial operation stage
The startup phase of the project is usually short, but technically this stage is very sensitive and important. This step actually connects the steps and the previous periods to the project operation phase. Success at this stage indicates that the planning and implementation of the project are sufficiently effective, a successful future for the whole program is projected. The investment phase involves very heavy financial commitments, and any major modifications to the project also have significant financial implications. Misplaced scheduling, building delays, delivery and start-ups and etc., each of which undoubtedly leads to increased investment costs, may even affect the entire project's existence. In the pre-investment phase, the quality and credibility of the project is more important than the time factor, but in the investment phase, time factor is more important.
Operational stage
The issues and problems of the operational phase should be examined from two viewpoints, short and long term perspectives. Problems that may arise in the short term, ie, in the early stages of launching the operation and the start of the operation, are often related to issues related to the application of technology, the setting up and operation of machinery and equipment, or the lack of specialized staff and the lack of workforce desirability. The occurrence of such problems is almost definite, and at this stage, in addition to predicting probabilistic problems, measures are needed to remedy the problems and resolve the problems. Problems that appear in the long run are related on the one hand to production costs and on the other hand to the profits of the sales proceeds, which both have direct relation with the forecasts of the "pre-investment" phase. If such a planning is wrong and the prediction of production costs or the estimation of an industrial project in the pre-investment phase is not correct, the economic reform of the problems will be very difficult and costly.
